AMDAR气温资料和常规高空观测气温资料的对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

罗林艳  罗宇  钟艳雯 《气象与环境科学》2018,41(3):117-121

为了解飞机观测气象资料(AMDAR资料)的可用性,推进AMDAR资料在湖南气象预报业务中的应用,对2013年5月至2016年12月的AMDAR资料时空分布特征进行了分析,并参考美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)提供的AMDAR资料质量控制方法,对AMDAR气温资料进行质量控制,并在此基础上对湖南范围内的AMDAR气温资料和常规高空观测气温资料(长沙、怀化、郴州)进行了对比分析。结果表明:我国AMDAR资料主要分布在100 h Pa气压层以下,起飞和降落阶段资料约占68. 75%。AMDAR气温资料数据质量稳定,气温疑误率低于0. 13%。在对比样本上,AMDAR观测气温(t_a)与常规高空观测气温(ts)存在非常显著相关性,相关系数为0. 9966,均方根误差为1. 065℃,AMDAR观测气温平均偏低0. 13℃,差值呈准正态分布,且73. 76%的差值在-1~1℃。AMDAR观测气温与常规高空观测气温的差值分布与飞行状态和飞行高度相关,上升状态AMDAR气温偏高,下降状态AMDAR气温偏低。500 h Pa高度以下,样本飞行状态多为下降,t_a较ts平均偏低0. 25℃; 500h Pa高度以上,样本飞行状态多为上升和平飞,t_a较ts平均偏高0. 03℃。  相似文献   

L波段雷达-电子探空仪系统对比观测分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张立功  陈志斌  王勇  马文婷 《气象科技》2007,35(1):123-125

利用酒泉高空站L波段雷达-GTS1电子探空仪系统与“59-701”系统1个月的同步观测资料,对该站使用L波段探空系统后高空探测资料变化情况进行分析评估。通过直接对比、与国家气象中心数值预报6 h初估场比较和相关性检验分析,得到各规定等压面上位势高度、温度、湿度、风向、风速等的偏差和均一性检验结果。结果表明,酒泉站使用L波段雷达系统后,温度、高度、风向、风速记录平均而言未产生跳变,对流层上层湿度记录离散性小,新老系统的相对湿度差随高度增加而增加,记录准确率有明显的改善。在温度较低的对流层上层,59型探空仪测定的相对湿度偏高,GTS1型电子探空仪测定的湿度数据更接近国际上比较先进的探空仪。  相似文献   

可降水份的误差分析     

刘焱雄  陈永奇  H.B.Iz 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2000,25(2)

分析了由无线电探空数据计算可降水份中逼近误差和观测误差的影响 ,利用香港的无线电探空资料计算出逼近误差和观测误差的影响分别为 0 .5mm和 1 .2mm ,两者的综合影响为 1 .3mm。  相似文献   

Comparison of geostrophic and nonlinear balanced winds from LIMS data and implications for derived dynamical quantities     

T. Miles  W. L. Grose 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1989,130(2-3):319-342

Nimbus 7 LIMS geopotential height data are utilized to infer the rotational wind distribution in the Northern Hemisphere stratosphere and lower mesosphere during a period of substantial wave-mean flow interaction in January, 1979. Rotational winds are derived from the application of a successive relaxation numerical procedure which incorporates the spherical polar coordinate iterative algorithm ofPaegle andTomlinson (1975) for the nondivergent nonlinear balance equation. Optimum convergence of the numerical solutions is found to occur when under-relaxation is utilized. The LIMS height analyses were also latitudinally smoothed and constrained to obey the ellipticity criterion for spherical coordinates. The balanced winds are compared with geostrophically derived values and within situ radiosonde reports for 100 mb to 10 mb over Berlin.From a localized perspective, the Berlin-LIMS comparison indicates that radiosonde and balanced wind vectors exhibit somewhat closer agreement in direction than is associated with the geostrophic estimates. However, substantial quantitative differences between radiosonde, balanced, and geostrophic wind speeds are also evident, suggesting that caution should be exercised in the local application of derived winds, as for example in the quantitative interpretation of trajectories derived from satellite height analyses during periods of enhanced stratospheric wave activity.On a longitudinally averaged basis, balanced zonal-mean wind speeds are typically 20% weaker than geostrophic values in polar latitudes, and as much as 50% weaker in tropical and midlatitude regions. Meridional balanced wind velocities, at a given longitude, are generally within ±10% of geostrophic values. Although these alterations in horizontal wind components result in only modest differences between balanced and geostrophic meridional eddy heat fluxes, a more substantial change appears in the meridional eddy momentum flux analysis. The corresponding patterns of Eliassen-Palm flux divergence are found to be somewhat more (less) intense for the balanced wind case in the stratosphere (lower mesosphere) in polar latitudes.  相似文献   

An Analysis of the Discontinuity in Chinese Radiosonde Temperature Data Using Satellite Observation as a Reference     

Yanjun GUO  Chengzhi ZOU  Panmao ZHAI  Guofu WANG 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2019,(2):289-306

Reconciling upper-air temperature trends derived from radiosonde and satellite observations is a necessary step to confidently determine the global warming rate. This study examines the raw and homogenized radiosonde observations over China and compares them with layer-mean atmospheric temperatures derived from satellite microwave observations for the lower-troposphere(TLT), mid-troposphere(TMT), upper-troposphere(TUT), and lower-stratosphere(TLS) by three research groups. Comparisons are for averages over China, excluding the Tibetan Plateau, and at individual stations where metadata contain information on radiosonde instrument changes. It is found that major differences between the satellite and radiosonde observations are related to artificial systematic changes. The radiosonde system updates in the early 2000 s over China caused significant discontinuities and led the radiosonde temperature trends to exhibit less warming in the middle and upper troposphere and more cooling in the lower stratosphere than satellite temperatures. Homogenized radiosonde data have been further adjusted by using the shift-point adjustment approaches to match with satellite products for China averages. The obtained trends during 1979–2015 from the re-adjusted radiosonde observation are respectively 0.203 ± 0.066, 0.128 ± 0.044, 0.034 ± 0.039, and –0.329 ± 0.135 K decade^–1 for TLT, TMT, TUT, and TLS equivalents. Compared to satellite trends, the re-adjusted radiosonde trends are within 0.01 K decade^–1 for TMT and TUT, 0.054 K decade^–1 warmer for TLT, and 0.051 K decade^–1 cooler for TLS. The results suggest that the use of satellite data as a reference is helpful in identifying and removing inhomogeneities of radiosonde temperatures over China and reconciling their trends to satellite microwave observations. Future efforts are to homogenize radiosonde temperatures at individual stations over China by using similar approaches.  相似文献   

Analysis and Simulation of the Stratospheric Quasi-zero Wind Layer over Korla,Xinjiang Province,China     

Rui YANG  Lingkun RAN  Yuli ZHANG  Yi LIU 《大气科学进展》2019,36(10):1143-1155

The stratospheric quasi-zero wind layer (QZWL) is a transition region with low zonal wind speeds in the lower stratosphere at an altitude of ~20 km. The zonal wind direction above the QZWL layer is opposite to that below the QZWL layer and the north–south wind component is small. The atmospheric wind field near the stratospheric QZWL is an important factor affecting the flight altitude and dynamic control of stratospheric airships. It is therefore necessary to study the stratospheric QZWL to provide better environmental information for these aircraft. High-resolution radiosonde data were used to analyze the characteristics of the stratospheric QZWL over Korla, Xinjiang Province, China. A weak wind layer in which the wind direction suddenly reversed from westerly to easterly was observed at ~20 km in the lower stratosphere, characteristic of the stratospheric QZWL. The Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to simulate the profiles of the horizontal wind speed and direction over Korla. The forcing effect of each diagnostic term in the equation on the zonal wind speed was analyzed. The results showed that the advection term was the dominant factor forcing the zonal wind speed. The wave term had a secondary forcing role, although the forcing effect of the wave term on the zonal wind speed was significant in some regions.  相似文献   

基于秒级探空资料分析四川重力波统计特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

吴泓锟  陈起英  华维  李芳芳  李泽椿 《应用气象学报》2019,30(4):491-501

利用2014年6月-2017年9月的秒级探空资料,选取四川地区5个代表性站点研究重力波在对流层（2~10 km）和平流层（18~25 km）的时空特征。选取结果表明:重力波能量在四川地区各个高度均存在明显的季节变化,冬季强,夏季弱;在对流层由于地形影响,川西和川北高原地区的能量小于其他地区。垂直波长没有明显的时空变化,在对流层和平流层分别集中分布于1.5~3 km和1.5~3.5 km;水平波长则差别较大,分别分布于0~300 km和100~700 km,平均值分别为100 km和350 km。重力波固有频率在对流层有较大的区域差异,表现为在四川西北部的高原地区固有频率平均值为3f（f为地转参数）,其他地区则仅为2.4f;平流层则没有明显的差异存在,均约为2f。四川地区重力波的垂直传播方向特征基本相同,在对流层约有50%的波动向上传播,平流层则有90%以上的波动向上传播。水平传播则存在明显的不确定性,特别是对流层;平流层水平传播方向存在明显的季节变化,表现为夏季重力波多向偏东方向传播,而其他季节则向偏西方向传播。  相似文献   

地面报中高山站资料的应用分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

郝民  龚建东  徐枝芳 《气象》2016,42(4):424-435

无线电探空仪观测和地面观测资料作为天气分析和数值预报最常用、最重要的两种资料数据源,两者时空分辨率有着明显的差异。如何利用地面观测资料的高时空分辨率特点来补充探空观测资料在一些地区的欠缺和不足,特别是地面高山站资料的使用对对流层底层环流场的影响及对精细化数值天气预报风场分析指示意义等都需要进一步的探究。文章通过对地面高山站资料在资料同化中不同的使用方式的分析,探索其作为探空资料的补充在资料同化中的贡献。个例试验选取2013年6月29日00时地面资料和探空观测资料进行资料同化,试验方法:分别将地面高山站资料作为探空资料和地面资料应用于同化分析中,结果表明:地面高山站资料当探空资料使用时对850和925 hPa风场同化分析有正效果。在地面高山站资料当探空资料使用和当地面资料使用的对比中,其24 h 850和700 hPa高度和风场预报试验差异不显著;但24 h降水预报结果显示:地面高山站资料当探空资料使用对降水强度和位置的预报都有弱的正贡献。连续试验的降水预报检验证明:在地面高山站较多的西南区,高山站资料当探空资料使用在小雨、中雨、暴雨等量级的预报评分要优于高山站资料当地面报使用,且其预报偏差也较小;在中国区降水预报检验高山站资料当探空资料和地面报使用差异不大。  相似文献   

基于探空数据的南海表面波导统计特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

成印河  周生启  王东晓  鲁远征  姚景龙 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(11):63-70

Based on the global position system(GPS) radiosonde data near the sea surface, the surface duct characteristics over the South China Sea(SCS) were statistically analyzed. The annual surface duct occurrence over the SCS was about 64%. Of the observed surface ducts, duct heights mainly distributed between 18 and 42 m, with M slopes in the range of –0.3 to –0.2 M units/m. Those ducts accounted for about 80% of the ducting cases. For the total profiles, the duct occurrences in a day changed slowly and were more than 60% in all times. The surface ducts formed more easily in the daytime than in the nighttime and most of the duct height were at bellow about 32 m.Additionally, The seasonal variation of the SCS ducts appeared to be evident, except that the mean duct thickness was almost constant, about 33 m for all seasons. The highest occurrence was about 71% in the autumn, followed by in the summer, spring and winter. In spring, their top-height existed more often at a height of more than 48 m.Their mean duct strength became stronger trend from spring to winter, with the M-slope in the range between–0.26 and –0.18 M units/m. Those results agreed well with other studies, provided considering the data resolution.The statistical analysis was reliable and gave the duct estimation for the SCS. Such duct climatology not only has important implications for communication systems and the reliability of the radar observation, but also can provide useful information to improve the accuracy of the meteorological radar measurements.  相似文献   

Increasing free-air 0°C isotherm height in Southwest China from 1960 to 2010     

Mingjun Zhang  Lei Dong  Shengjie Wang  Aifang Zhao  Fang Qiang  Meiping Sun  Qiong Wang 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,24(5):833-844

Based on the radiosonde data observed at 14 stations in Southwest China from 1960 to 2010, as well as the corresponding surface air temperature, the long-term change of free-air 0℃ isotherm height in Southwest China and the relationships between surface air temperature and 0℃ isotherm height are discussed. The results indicated that the spatial distribution of 0℃ isotherm height is generally related with latitude, but the huge massif or plateau may complicate the latitude pattern. The two main regimes influencing the spatial patterns of 0℃ isotherm height in Southwest China are latitude and huge massif. The annual 0℃ isotherm height has increased by 35 m per decade in the recent decades, which is statistically significant at the 0.001 level. Generally, the increasing trend can be examined for each seasonal series, especially in winter （53 m per decade）. The diversity of trend magnitudes for annual and seasonal series can also be detected at a spatial view, but generally 0℃ isotherm height correlated well with surface air temperature.  相似文献